Explain the concept of imperialism and provide a historical example of competition for empire.

• A. Imperialism is a policy of extending power through colonization and control; example: Scramble for Africa or British Empire in India.
• B. Imperialism is voluntary dissolution of empires.
• C. Imperialism is a system where all nations share the same government.
• D. Imperialism means global free trade.

Answer: (A)

Imperialism is the policy of extending a country’s power and influence through colonization, control of other territories, or economic dominance. It involves nations competing to build empires—gaining colonies, protectorates, or spheres of influence to secure resources, strategic locations, and prestige.

A clear historical example of this competition is the Scramble for Africa in the late 19th century, when European powers rushed to lay claim to African lands, establishing colonies and influence across the continent. This shows how nations vied with one another to expand their empires and control vast resources and markets. Another related example is the British Empire extending its rule over India, illustrating imperial ambitions in different regions.

The other options drift away from this idea: imperialism isn’t about dissolving empires, sharing one government, or promoting global free trade as its defining aim.